Water Properties
P Polarity & Hydrogen Bonding
Water molecules are polar due to unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen. This creates partial charges (δ- on oxygen, δ+ on hydrogen) that enable hydrogen bonding.
Currently: Water molecules are forming hydrogen bonds throughout the liquid.
C Cohesion, Adhesion & Surface Tension
The hydrogen bonds between adjacent polar water molecules result in cohesion (water molecules sticking to each other), adhesion (water molecules sticking to other surfaces), and surface tension (a "skin" on the water's surface).
Currently: Surface tension is supporting the water strider's weight as it walks on water.
H High Specific Heat Capacity
Water can absorb or release large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change, helping organisms maintain stable body temperatures.
Currently: The lake is absorbing heat slowly, moderating the environment.
V High Heat of Vaporization
Significant energy is needed to convert liquid water to vapor, making evaporation an effective cooling mechanism for organisms.
Currently: Minimal evaporation occurring at the surface.
D Lower Density as Ice
Ice is less dense than liquid water, causing it to float. This protects aquatic life during winter by insulating the water below.
Currently: Water is in liquid form throughout the lake.