Cytosol
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Where proteins are synthesized by ribosomes and begin their folding process
Golgi Apparatus
Cis Face
Medial
Trans Face
Processing & packaging center: Modifies proteins with sugars and phosphates, then sorts them for delivery
Lysosome
Cellular recycling center: Contains digestive enzymes to break down waste. Phosphorylated proteins often come here
Cell Membrane
Cell boundary: Proteins can be embedded here as receptors/channels or secreted outside. Glycosylated proteins often end up here
(Secretion / Embedding)
Extracellular Solution
Objectives
Apply glycosylation to a protein
Apply phosphorylation to a protein
Cleave a protein
Deliver protein to cell membrane
Deliver protein to lysosome
Welcome!
Drag the protein from the ER to begin its journey.
Key Points:
- Proteins start in the ER.
Analogy:
Think of a factory's assembly line.