GAME
Launch ↗ Around Again Cell Cycle Game
The cell cycle is often learned as a list of phases, hiding what each must finish and what checkpoints are for. You play a cyclin-dependent kinase whose bike is its cyclin, and phosphorylation stands in for each step the cell completes. In G1 the cell makes more organelles, and in S phase each chromosome becomes two sister chromatids. After the centrosome is copied, mitosis condenses the chromosomes, lines them up at the equator and pulls their sister chromatids to opposite poles before cytokinesis splits the cell. Checkpoints report what they find, and pushing past one stands for a cell ignoring its controls. Inherited errors build up with each division and can bring an apoptosis signal, and a cell that keeps ignoring its checkpoints can lose control of its cycle.
Launch InteractiveTopics covered
- Exit to G0 and re-entry at G1
- Bidirectional replication from an origin
- Copying a chromosome twice, or copying damaged DNA
- Mitochondrial ATP and reactive oxygen species
- Nuclear envelope breakdown and re-formation
- Spindle fibers holding chromosomes from both poles
- Nondisjunction and extra or missing chromosomes
- Myosin sliding actin filaments in the cleavage furrow
- Apoptosis as orderly, programmed cell death